A computer printer is a device that allows data in the computer to be transferred onto paper for more tangible handling. The printer hooks into the computer, communicates with it, receives the document or information, known as a print job, then creates it in hardcopy form. Printers can either be:
1. attached to one computer via cable (known as a peripheral computer) or
2. connected to a network, either wireless or using an Ethernet connection (known as a network printer)
Cables and Drivers
All printers will need drivers. Drivers are software programs that allow the printer and computer to communicate. They usually come with the printer and often can be downloaded from the manufacturer’s website.
Peripheral printers will be connected by cable. USB is a popular cable connection because it is rather universal. Printers still come with serial and parallel port connections. They are longer and wider, have pins that fit into holes on the inside of a metal and plastic bracket. Some printers have fire wire option, which is usually reserved for digital and moving images.
Printer Basics
There are several types of printers. Purchase merits will be based on colour, speed, resolution, duty cycles and post purchase consumable costs.
Colour printers are more expensive than black and white printers. They are useful for flyers or documents that require multiple pigments. They are most useful for colour photos and images. They will print slower than black and white printers.
Mono chrome printers are black ink on white paper. They tend to be cheaper and faster than colour printers.
Resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi). Resolution measures how fine and accurate the printer prints. The better the resolution, the more professional the document looks.
Speed is measured in page per minute or ppm. Speed will vary depending on the resolution setting. High resolution print jobs will print slower that lower resolutions on the same printer.
The duty cycle is the amount of pages per month that the printer can handle without burning out the unit.
Consumables
Each type of printer will have costs associated with the purchase of ink or toner, paper and sometimes drums or other small parts. Consumables can be manufacturer specific, so checking into price and availability are important to controlling life of the printer costs.
Memory
Printers will usually come with a small amount of memory so the computer may transfer a print job to the printer. This frees up the computer’s memory for other tasks. Printers that perform complex options may have larger memories, or even small processors.
Paper Feed Trays
Paper feed trays can range from 50-100 for home use or 500 and more for office use. Once all trays are extended small printers may actually take up more space than slightly larger printers with self contained feed trays.
Types of Printers
There are two basic types of printers: laser printers and inkjet printers. These printing technologies can then be combined with other functions to produce multi-function printers, all in one printers, digital photo printers and scanner printers. Dot matrix printers are still used as well.
Laser Printers
Laser printers take advantage of static charge on the ink and paper. The ink is charged positively. The image is negatively charged using lasers on the drum, which attracts the ink. The paper is also negatively charged, and the ink is transferred and fused with heat. Laser jet printers use toner cartridges instead of ink cartridges.
LED printers use the same process, except LED technology is used instead of lasers.
Mono Laser printers (black and white) and colour laser printers have a lower cost per page if you are doing high volume printing. However they must warm up each time they print. They print with higher quality on cheap paper but are not as good with photos as inkjet printers.
Inkjet Printers
Inkjet printers spray a high speed stream of ink onto the paper. They need time to dry, unlike laser jet printers, and tend to diffuse into the paper.
Bubble jet printers are an off shoot of this technology.
Inkjet printers are more economical up front than laser printers, but tend to cost more per page in high volume printing. They run the risk of smearing if not allowed to dry. Inkjets require high quality paper to get a professional look, however they are superior to laser printers when it comes to photo printing.
Dot Matrix
Dot matrix printers are an older technology which puts dots of ink on the page to make the image. They are generally considered obsolete in use but can still be purchased for those with a specific dot matrix need.
Digital Photo Printers
Digital photo printers can be hooked to a computer, or can be dedicated to a camera hook-up. They usually can accommodate special photo paper and more complex ink systems to create photo quality images.
Scanner Printers
Scanner printers are also known as photocopier printers. They have a glass panel on which the page to be copied, is placed. It is scanned into the computer and then printed.
Multifunction Printers
Multifunction printers are known as all-in-one printers. They usually can scan, print digital photos, photo-copy and can sometimes even fax documents. They come in colour or black and white.